Bachelor of Applied Psychology: Major Work and Organisational Psychology - Short Programme (Antwerpen) (180 ECTS)
Admission requirements
Programme
This is a translated version of a programme taught in Dutch
2025-2026
Students must already hold an associate’s, bachelor's or master's degree and will be admitted only after approval from a study counsellor of our programme.
2024-2025
Students must already hold an associate’s, bachelor's or master's degree and will be admitted only after approval from a study counsellor of our programme.
-
Students must already hold an associate’s, bachelor's or master's degree and will be admitted only after approval from a study counsellor of our programme.
Click here for more information on the admission requirements for the Short Programme in Applied Psychology, major Work and Organizational Psychology (W&OP).
Depending on their prior education, students are eligible for additional exemptions. More information can be found on the aforementioned website.-
Short programme W&OP after a Bachelor/Master's Degree
5 ECTS Work and Organizational Psychology Y01111 staff- J.Decoster (coordinator)
- J.Camps
- J.Decoster
staff
- J.Decoster (coordinator)
- J.Camps
- J.Decoster
Work and organizational psychology (5 ECTS) Y55087 staff- J.Camps
- J.Decoster
staff
- J.Camps
- J.Decoster
4 ECTS Occupational Law Y01211 staff- W.Van Tongerloo (coordinator)
staff
- W.Van Tongerloo (coordinator)
Occupational Law (4 ECTS) Y55176 staff- W.Van Tongerloo
staff
- W.Van Tongerloo
4 ECTS Training and Development Y01214 staff- W.Van Tongerloo (coordinator)
staff
- W.Van Tongerloo (coordinator)
Training and Development (4 ECTS) Y55179 staff- W.Van Tongerloo
staff
- W.Van Tongerloo
6 ECTS Psychological Assessment and Psychometrics 1+2 W&OP Y01628 staff- J.Decoster (coordinator)
- P.Van Looveren
- D.Walschaerts
staff
- J.Decoster (coordinator)
- P.Van Looveren
- D.Walschaerts
Psychological Assessment and Psychometrics 1+2 W&OP (6 ECTS) Y51845 staff- J.Decoster
- P.Van Looveren
- D.Walschaerts
staff
- J.Decoster
- P.Van Looveren
- D.Walschaerts
4 ECTS Recruitment and Selection Y02511 staff- K.De Wilde (coordinator)
- Y.Theunis
staff
- K.De Wilde (coordinator)
- Y.Theunis
Recruitment and Selection (4 ECTS) Y55406 staff- K.De Wilde
- Y.Theunis
staff
- K.De Wilde
- Y.Theunis
4 ECTS Statistics 1 Y00008 staff- S.Willems (coordinator)
- T.Vanhoomissen
- S.Willems
staff
- S.Willems (coordinator)
- T.Vanhoomissen
- S.Willems
Statistics 1 (4 ECTS) Y55161 staff- T.Vanhoomissen
- S.Willems
staff
- T.Vanhoomissen
- S.Willems
5 ECTS Appreciative Coaching Y01212 staff- Y.Theunis (coordinator)
- K.Jansen
- Y.Theunis
staff
- Y.Theunis (coordinator)
- K.Jansen
- Y.Theunis
Appreciative coaching (5 ECTS) Y55177 staff- K.Jansen
- Y.Theunis
staff
- K.Jansen
- Y.Theunis
3 ECTS Customer Project: HRM Y02508 staff- A.Pauwels (coordinator)
- D.Vercruysse
- N.
staff
- A.Pauwels (coordinator)
- D.Vercruysse
- N.
Customer project: HRM (3 ECTS) Y55404 staff- A.Pauwels
- D.Vercruysse
- N.
staff
- A.Pauwels
- D.Vercruysse
- N.
3 ECTS Methods of Psychological Research 2 Y02860 staff- S.Willems (coordinator)
- E.Goris
- S.Nelis
- M.Roelands
- E.Van Assche
- S.Willems
staff
- S.Willems (coordinator)
- E.Goris
- S.Nelis
- M.Roelands
- E.Van Assche
- S.Willems
Methods of Psychological Research 2 (3 ECTS) Y55162 staff- E.Goris
- S.Nelis
- M.Roelands
- E.Van Assche
- S.Willems
staff
- E.Goris
- S.Nelis
- M.Roelands
- E.Van Assche
- S.Willems
3 ECTS Payroll Y01213 staff- N.Van Overloop (coordinator)
staff
- N.Van Overloop (coordinator)
Payroll (3 ECTS) Y55178 staff- N.Van Overloop
staff
- N.Van Overloop
4 ECTS Personality Psychology Y01112 staff- M.Decuyper (coordinator)
staff
- M.Decuyper (coordinator)
Personality Psychology (4 ECTS) Y55088 staff- M.Decuyper
staff
- M.Decuyper
4 ECTS Statistics 2 Y00009 staff- T.Vanhoomissen (coordinator)
- S.Willems
staff
- T.Vanhoomissen (coordinator)
- S.Willems
Statistics (4 ECTS) Y55163 staff- T.Vanhoomissen
- S.Willems
staff
- T.Vanhoomissen
- S.Willems
10 ECTS Internship - Exploration W&OP - Short Programme Y01597 staff- D.Vercruysse (coordinator)
- N.
staff
- D.Vercruysse (coordinator)
- N.
Internship - Exploration W&OP (10 ECTS) Y51811 staff- D.Vercruysse
- N.
staff
- D.Vercruysse
- N.
5 ECTS Human Resource Management Y02507 staff- K.De Wilde (coordinator)
- N.Govaerts
- N.
staff
- K.De Wilde (coordinator)
- N.Govaerts
- N.
Human resource management (5 ECTS) Y55403 staff- K.De Wilde
- N.Govaerts
- N.
staff
- K.De Wilde
- N.Govaerts
- N.
4 ECTS Digital skills Y01626 staff- S.Pattyn (coordinator)
staff
- S.Pattyn (coordinator)
Digital skills (4 ECTS) Y51843 staff- S.Pattyn
staff
- S.Pattyn
5 ECTS Career Coaching Y01619 staff- W.Van Tongerloo (coordinator)
staff
- W.Van Tongerloo (coordinator)
Career coaching (5 ECTS) Y51835 staff- W.Van Tongerloo
staff
- W.Van Tongerloo
4 ECTS Psychological Assessment in Work and Organizational Psychology Y01546 staff- N.Govaerts (coordinator)
- C.Vanneste
staff
- N.Govaerts (coordinator)
- C.Vanneste
Psychological assessment in Work and Organizational Psychology (4 ECTS) Y55342 staff- N.Govaerts
- C.Vanneste
staff
- N.Govaerts
- C.Vanneste
4 ECTS Strategic HRM Y01209 staff- S.Pattyn (coordinator)
- N.Govaerts
- S.Pattyn
staff
- S.Pattyn (coordinator)
- N.Govaerts
- S.Pattyn
Strategic HRM (4 ECTS) Y55175 staff- N.Govaerts
- S.Pattyn
staff
- N.Govaerts
- S.Pattyn
4 ECTS Speaking Business Y01544 staff- A.Pauwels (coordinator)
- N.
staff
- A.Pauwels (coordinator)
- N.
Speaking Business (4 ECTS) Y55340 staff- A.Pauwels
- N.
staff
- A.Pauwels
- N.
3 ECTS Group Dynamics Y01542 staff- E.Goris (coordinator)
- Y.Theunis
- E.Van den Neucker
staff
- E.Goris (coordinator)
- Y.Theunis
- E.Van den Neucker
Group Dynamics (3 ECTS) Y55338 staff- E.Goris
- Y.Theunis
- E.Van den Neucker
staff
- E.Goris
- Y.Theunis
- E.Van den Neucker
3 ECTS Group Dynamics Y01000 staff- E.Goris (coordinator)
- W.Niesen
- W.Van Tongerloo
- E.Van den Neucker
staff
- E.Goris (coordinator)
- W.Niesen
- W.Van Tongerloo
- E.Van den Neucker
Group Dynamics (3 ECTS) Y51000 staff- E.Goris
- W.Niesen
- W.Van Tongerloo
- E.Van den Neucker
staff
- E.Goris
- W.Niesen
- W.Van Tongerloo
- E.Van den Neucker
3 ECTS Ethics and Law W&OP Y01600 staff- J.Knaeps (coordinator)
- K.De Wilde
- J.Knaeps
staff
- J.Knaeps (coordinator)
- K.De Wilde
- J.Knaeps
Ethics and law W&OP (3 ECTS) Y51814 staff- K.De Wilde
- J.Knaeps
staff
- K.De Wilde
- J.Knaeps
9 ECTS Business Card Y01549 staff- K.De Wilde (coordinator)
- N.
staff
- K.De Wilde (coordinator)
- N.
Business Card (9 ECTS) Y55345 staff- K.De Wilde
- N.
staff
- K.De Wilde
- N.
18 ECTS Final Internship - Work & Organizational Psychology Y03465 staff- D.Vercruysse (coordinator)
staff
- D.Vercruysse (coordinator)
Final Internship - Work & Organizational Psychology (18 ECTS) Y53949 staff- D.Vercruysse
staff
- D.Vercruysse
3 ECTS Global Citizen Y01547 staff- K.Jansen (coordinator)
- C.Schepers
staff
- K.Jansen (coordinator)
- C.Schepers
Global Citizen (3 ECTS) Y55343 staff- K.Jansen
- C.Schepers
staff
- K.Jansen
- C.Schepers
-
Optional courses phase 2
Each student of the Short programme W&OP, must enroll for at least one optional course (minimum 3 credits). Students can choose for an optional course in the Applied psychology programme or an optional course from another bachelor's degree programme at Thomas More (see lists below). Optional course units from another programme can only be added to a student's Individual Study Programme (ISP) after approval from their assigned study guidance coach.
Students must take into account a potential overlap between course / exam schedules, when choosing their optional course.-
Optional courses in the Applied Psychology programme
3 ECTS Contemporary Topics in HRM Y00776 staff- A.Schopf (coordinator)
staff
- A.Schopf (coordinator)
Contemporary Topics in HRM (3 ECTS) Y50494 staff- A.Schopf
staff
- A.Schopf
3 ECTS Work & Well-Being Y02504 staff- J.Knaeps (coordinator)
- C.Vanneste
- N.
staff
- J.Knaeps (coordinator)
- C.Vanneste
- N.
Work & Well-Being (3 ECTS) Y55400 staff- J.Knaeps
- C.Vanneste
- N.
staff
- J.Knaeps
- C.Vanneste
- N.
3 ECTS Employer Branding Y01353 staff- E.Goris (coordinator)
- A.Pauwels
staff
- E.Goris (coordinator)
- A.Pauwels
Employer branding (3 ECTS) Y51803 staff- E.Goris
- A.Pauwels
staff
- E.Goris
- A.Pauwels
3 ECTS French for HR Y01352 staff- C.Bossaert (coordinator)
- N.
staff
- C.Bossaert (coordinator)
- N.
French for HR (3 ECTS) Y51802 staff staff
-
Optional courses from another programme
3 ECTS Startup Bootcamp Business YR0673 staff staff
- E.Van Orlé (coordinator)
- J.Berghmans
- H.Blockx
- K.Denteneer
- C.Verheyen
- N.
Startup Bootcamp Business (3 ECTS) YR5674 staff staff
- J.Berghmans
- H.Blockx
- K.Denteneer
- C.Verheyen
- N.
3 ECTS Economic Policy Y01629 staff- N.
staff
- N.
Economic policy (3 ECTS) Y51846 staff- N.
staff
- N.
3 ECTS Event Organization Y01630 staff- N.
staff
- N.
Event organization (3 ECTS) Y51847 staff- N.
staff
- N.
-
-
Short programme W&OP after an Associate's Degree
The course ‘Group Dynamics’ can be taken either in Dutch or in English. Students must take into account a potential overlap between course schedules when choosing between both options.
Students who wish to study abroad or who wish to take on their final internship abroad, may contact the head of internationalization.4 ECTS Methods of Psychological Research 1 Y03458 staff staff
- J.van Dijck (coordinator)
- T.Benijts
- S.Nelis
- M.Roelands
- E.Van Assche
- J.van Dijck
- N.
Methods of Psychological Research 1 (4 ECTS) Y53941 staff staff
- T.Benijts
- S.Nelis
- M.Roelands
- E.Van Assche
- J.van Dijck
- N.
4 ECTS Training and Development Y01214 staff- W.Van Tongerloo (coordinator)
staff
- W.Van Tongerloo (coordinator)
Training and Development (4 ECTS) Y55179 staff- W.Van Tongerloo
staff
- W.Van Tongerloo
6 ECTS Psychological Assessment and Psychometrics 1+2 W&OP Y01628 staff- J.Decoster (coordinator)
- P.Van Looveren
- D.Walschaerts
staff
- J.Decoster (coordinator)
- P.Van Looveren
- D.Walschaerts
Psychological Assessment and Psychometrics 1+2 W&OP (6 ECTS) Y51845 staff- J.Decoster
- P.Van Looveren
- D.Walschaerts
staff
- J.Decoster
- P.Van Looveren
- D.Walschaerts
4 ECTS Statistics 1 Y00008 staff- S.Willems (coordinator)
- T.Vanhoomissen
- S.Willems
staff
- S.Willems (coordinator)
- T.Vanhoomissen
- S.Willems
Statistics 1 (4 ECTS) Y55161 staff- T.Vanhoomissen
- S.Willems
staff
- T.Vanhoomissen
- S.Willems
5 ECTS Appreciative Coaching Y01212 staff- Y.Theunis (coordinator)
- K.Jansen
- Y.Theunis
staff
- Y.Theunis (coordinator)
- K.Jansen
- Y.Theunis
Appreciative coaching (5 ECTS) Y55177 staff- K.Jansen
- Y.Theunis
staff
- K.Jansen
- Y.Theunis
4 ECTS Cross-Cultural Psychology Y00006 staff staff
- L.Meeussen (coordinator)
- S.El Bouazati
- F.Haji Kazem Kashani
- L.Meeussen
Cross-Cultural Psychology (4 ECTS) Y50157 staff staff
- S.El Bouazati
- F.Haji Kazem Kashani
- L.Meeussen
3 ECTS Customer Project: HRM Y02508 staff- A.Pauwels (coordinator)
- D.Vercruysse
- N.
staff
- A.Pauwels (coordinator)
- D.Vercruysse
- N.
Customer project: HRM (3 ECTS) Y55404 staff- A.Pauwels
- D.Vercruysse
- N.
staff
- A.Pauwels
- D.Vercruysse
- N.
3 ECTS Methods of Psychological Research 2 Y02860 staff- S.Willems (coordinator)
- E.Goris
- S.Nelis
- M.Roelands
- E.Van Assche
- S.Willems
staff
- S.Willems (coordinator)
- E.Goris
- S.Nelis
- M.Roelands
- E.Van Assche
- S.Willems
Methods of Psychological Research 2 (3 ECTS) Y55162 staff- E.Goris
- S.Nelis
- M.Roelands
- E.Van Assche
- S.Willems
staff
- E.Goris
- S.Nelis
- M.Roelands
- E.Van Assche
- S.Willems
4 ECTS Personality Psychology Y01112 staff- M.Decuyper (coordinator)
staff
- M.Decuyper (coordinator)
Personality Psychology (4 ECTS) Y55088 staff- M.Decuyper
staff
- M.Decuyper
4 ECTS Statistics 2 Y00009 staff- T.Vanhoomissen (coordinator)
- S.Willems
staff
- T.Vanhoomissen (coordinator)
- S.Willems
Statistics (4 ECTS) Y55163 staff- T.Vanhoomissen
- S.Willems
staff
- T.Vanhoomissen
- S.Willems
3 ECTS On the Road to Study Success Y01627 staff- L.Portael (coordinator)
- M.Sleurs
- S.Willems
staff
- L.Portael (coordinator)
- M.Sleurs
- S.Willems
On the road to study success (3 ECTS) Y51844 staff- L.Portael
- M.Sleurs
- S.Willems
staff
- L.Portael
- M.Sleurs
- S.Willems
4 ECTS Digital skills Y01626 staff- S.Pattyn (coordinator)
staff
- S.Pattyn (coordinator)
Digital skills (4 ECTS) Y51843 staff- S.Pattyn
staff
- S.Pattyn
5 ECTS Career Coaching Y01619 staff- W.Van Tongerloo (coordinator)
staff
- W.Van Tongerloo (coordinator)
Career coaching (5 ECTS) Y51835 staff- W.Van Tongerloo
staff
- W.Van Tongerloo
4 ECTS Psychological Assessment in Work and Organizational Psychology Y01546 staff- N.Govaerts (coordinator)
- C.Vanneste
staff
- N.Govaerts (coordinator)
- C.Vanneste
Psychological assessment in Work and Organizational Psychology (4 ECTS) Y55342 staff- N.Govaerts
- C.Vanneste
staff
- N.Govaerts
- C.Vanneste
4 ECTS Strategic HRM Y01209 staff- S.Pattyn (coordinator)
- N.Govaerts
- S.Pattyn
staff
- S.Pattyn (coordinator)
- N.Govaerts
- S.Pattyn
Strategic HRM (4 ECTS) Y55175 staff- N.Govaerts
- S.Pattyn
staff
- N.Govaerts
- S.Pattyn
4 ECTS Speaking Business Y01544 staff- A.Pauwels (coordinator)
- N.
staff
- A.Pauwels (coordinator)
- N.
Speaking Business (4 ECTS) Y55340 staff- A.Pauwels
- N.
staff
- A.Pauwels
- N.
3 ECTS Group Dynamics Y01542 staff- E.Goris (coordinator)
- Y.Theunis
- E.Van den Neucker
staff
- E.Goris (coordinator)
- Y.Theunis
- E.Van den Neucker
Group Dynamics (3 ECTS) Y55338 staff- E.Goris
- Y.Theunis
- E.Van den Neucker
staff
- E.Goris
- Y.Theunis
- E.Van den Neucker
3 ECTS Group Dynamics Y01000 staff- E.Goris (coordinator)
- W.Niesen
- W.Van Tongerloo
- E.Van den Neucker
staff
- E.Goris (coordinator)
- W.Niesen
- W.Van Tongerloo
- E.Van den Neucker
Group Dynamics (3 ECTS) Y51000 staff- E.Goris
- W.Niesen
- W.Van Tongerloo
- E.Van den Neucker
staff
- E.Goris
- W.Niesen
- W.Van Tongerloo
- E.Van den Neucker
3 ECTS Ethics and Law W&OP Y01600 staff- J.Knaeps (coordinator)
- K.De Wilde
- J.Knaeps
staff
- J.Knaeps (coordinator)
- K.De Wilde
- J.Knaeps
Ethics and law W&OP (3 ECTS) Y51814 staff- K.De Wilde
- J.Knaeps
staff
- K.De Wilde
- J.Knaeps
9 ECTS Business Card Y01549 staff- K.De Wilde (coordinator)
- N.
staff
- K.De Wilde (coordinator)
- N.
Business Card (9 ECTS) Y55345 staff- K.De Wilde
- N.
staff
- K.De Wilde
- N.
18 ECTS Final Internship - Work & Organizational Psychology Y03465 staff- D.Vercruysse (coordinator)
staff
- D.Vercruysse (coordinator)
Final Internship - Work & Organizational Psychology (18 ECTS) Y53949 staff- D.Vercruysse
staff
- D.Vercruysse
3 ECTS Global Citizen Y01547 staff- K.Jansen (coordinator)
- C.Schepers
staff
- K.Jansen (coordinator)
- C.Schepers
Global Citizen (3 ECTS) Y55343 staff- K.Jansen
- C.Schepers
staff
- K.Jansen
- C.Schepers
-
Optional courses phase 1
Students who follow the Short programme W&OP after an associate's degree must enroll for at least one optional course (minimum 3 credits) during their first year of study.
3 ECTS Global Interprofessional Collaboration in Health Care Y01103 staff- K.Matthys (coordinator)
- K.Depaepe
- K.Matthys
staff
- K.Matthys (coordinator)
- K.Depaepe
- K.Matthys
Global Interprofessional Collaboration in Health Care (3 ECTS) Y55003 staff- K.Depaepe
- K.Matthys
staff
- K.Depaepe
- K.Matthys
3 ECTS Sport & Performance Psychology Y03723 staff- K.Verniers (coordinator)
staff
- K.Verniers (coordinator)
Sport & Performance Psychology (3 ECTS) Y55032 staff- K.Verniers
staff
- K.Verniers
3 ECTS Digital Psychology Y03463 staff- N.De Witte (coordinator)
- E.Van Assche
staff
- N.De Witte (coordinator)
- E.Van Assche
Digital psychology (3 ECTS) Y53946 staff- N.De Witte
- E.Van Assche
staff
- N.De Witte
- E.Van Assche
3 ECTS Health Psychology Y00371 staff- D.Van Gucht (coordinator)
staff
- D.Van Gucht (coordinator)
Health Psychology (3 ECTS) Y50196 staff- D.Van Gucht
staff
- D.Van Gucht
3 ECTS Rehabilitation psychology Y00767 staff staff
- K.Van Parijs (coordinator)
- C.Lafosse
- K.Van Parijs
Rehabilitation psychology (3 ECTS) Y50668 staff- C.Lafosse
- K.Van Parijs
staff
- C.Lafosse
- K.Van Parijs
3 ECTS Positive Psychology W&OP Y01217 staff- E.Goris (coordinator)
- M.Verstraete
- N.
staff
- E.Goris (coordinator)
- M.Verstraete
- N.
Positive Psychology (frames) (1 ECTS) Y55168 staff- E.Goris
- M.Verstraete
- N.
staff
- E.Goris
- M.Verstraete
- N.
Positive Psychology W&OP (2 ECTS) Y55182 staff- E.Goris
- M.Verstraete
staff
- E.Goris
- M.Verstraete
-
Optional courses phase 2
Each student of the Short programme W&OP, must enroll for at least one optional course (minimum 3 credits). Students can choose for an optional course in the Applied psychology programme or an optional course from another bachelor's degree programme at Thomas More (see lists below). Optional course units from another programme can only be added to a student's Individual Study Programme (ISP) after approval from their assigned study guidance coach.
Students must take into account a potential overlap between course / exam schedules, when choosing their optional course.-
Optional courses in the Applied Psychology programme
3 ECTS Contemporary Topics in HRM Y00776 staff- A.Schopf (coordinator)
staff
- A.Schopf (coordinator)
Contemporary Topics in HRM (3 ECTS) Y50494 staff- A.Schopf
staff
- A.Schopf
3 ECTS Work & Well-Being Y02504 staff- J.Knaeps (coordinator)
- C.Vanneste
- N.
staff
- J.Knaeps (coordinator)
- C.Vanneste
- N.
Work & Well-Being (3 ECTS) Y55400 staff- J.Knaeps
- C.Vanneste
- N.
staff
- J.Knaeps
- C.Vanneste
- N.
3 ECTS Employer Branding Y01353 staff- E.Goris (coordinator)
- A.Pauwels
staff
- E.Goris (coordinator)
- A.Pauwels
Employer branding (3 ECTS) Y51803 staff- E.Goris
- A.Pauwels
staff
- E.Goris
- A.Pauwels
3 ECTS French for HR Y01352 staff- C.Bossaert (coordinator)
- N.
staff
- C.Bossaert (coordinator)
- N.
French for HR (3 ECTS) Y51802 staff staff
-
Optional courses from another programme
3 ECTS Startup Bootcamp Business YR0673 staff staff
- E.Van Orlé (coordinator)
- J.Berghmans
- H.Blockx
- K.Denteneer
- C.Verheyen
- N.
Startup Bootcamp Business (3 ECTS) YR5674 staff staff
- J.Berghmans
- H.Blockx
- K.Denteneer
- C.Verheyen
- N.
3 ECTS Economic Policy Y01629 staff- N.
staff
- N.
Economic policy (3 ECTS) Y51846 staff- N.
staff
- N.
3 ECTS Event Organization Y01630 staff- N.
staff
- N.
Event organization (3 ECTS) Y51847 staff- N.
staff
- N.
-
-
Transitional Measures
Due to changes within the curriculum, student sometimes need to enroll for the course units mentioned in the list below. These course units can only be included in an individual curriculum, after approval by the assigned study guidance coach.
3 ECTS Recruitment YW0017 staff- K.De Wilde (coordinator)
staff
- K.De Wilde (coordinator)
Recruitment (3 ECTS) YW5017 staff- K.De Wilde
staff
- K.De Wilde
5 ECTS Selection YW0018 staff- Y.Theunis (coordinator)
staff
- Y.Theunis (coordinator)
Selection (5 ECTS) YW5018 staff- Y.Theunis
staff
- Y.Theunis
5 ECTS Digital Skills Y01545 staff- S.Pattyn (coordinator)
- N.
staff
- S.Pattyn (coordinator)
- N.
Digital Skills (5 ECTS) Y55341 staff- S.Pattyn
- N.
staff
- S.Pattyn
- N.
-